Imported African slaves would frequently escape to Maroon territory, known as Cockpit Country. The escaped slaves and their descendants, known as the Jamaican Maroons, were the source of many disturbances in the colony, raiding plantations and occupying parts of the island's interior. As interracial marriage became extremely prevalent, the two racial groups underwent assimilation.
#NORMAN MANDY JAMAICA PRIME MINISTER FREE#
Many former Spanish slaves used Anglo-Spanish war as a chance to free themselves and fled into the mountainous and forested regions of the colony to join the ranks of surviving Tainos. Main articles: First Maroon War and Second Maroon War That same year, the UK Parliament officially granted Jamaica independence, and Bustamante became the independent country’s first prime minister. In 1962, Bustamante’s party won the election and he became premier. After World War II, Jamaican leaders developed the government structure to prepare for independence. In 1943, labor leader Alexander Bustamante won an electoral victory and established a new, more liberal constitution. During the Great Depression, workers protested inequality and fought the authorities in Jamaica and other Caribbean colonies. Early in the 20th century, Marcus Garvey promoted Black nationalism and became the most notable Black leader of his day. In the 1800s, slavery was abolished and Jamaicans gained suffrage, although the British still held power. Maroons won a war against British forces (1728–1740) but lost a second war (1795–1796). Over the years, escaped slaves joined the Indigenous Taino in the mountains, forming a society known as Maroons. In 1655, British forces took the island with hardly a fight, and the British Empire claimed it. The island became an imperial colony in 1509 when Spain conquered the Indigenous Arawak people. In Jamaica, this date is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. The Colony of Jamaica gained independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.
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